Protecting Streams and Wetlands is a Priority Year-Round, But Why Should Landowners Keep it in Consideration in the Fall

Nebraska has almost 80,000 miles of river and over 1.9 million acres of wetland, a good portion of which are found in the Sandhills. During the summer, many wet meadows adjacent to Sandhills streams and wetlands are used for hay production. Typically, one cutting of hay is harvested from these areas, and then the grass is allowed to rest until late fall and into the winter when cattle graze the dormant forage.

A Sandhills stream in the fall--photo by: Tevyn Peiper; STF.

It is essential to consider the timing of grazing when introducing cattle to wet meadows. Fall moisture can soften the ground near streams or wetlands, leaving these areas vulnerable to compaction and erosion. If cattle have access to a body of water, compaction and erosion can cause damage to vegetation and destabilize stream banks. The vegetation nearest the riparian area will likely remain green longer than the vegetation in the hills as temperatures drop and other grass goes dormant. Cattle are drawn to this green forage and can easily overgraze a sensitive area.

Water quality can become a concern if overgrazing and subsequent vegetation loss occur in the riparian areas. Healthy vegetation acts as a natural filter, preventing sediment and other pollutants from washing into the body of water. Vegetative cover also slows runoff from rain or snowmelt, allowing for more groundwater recharge.

Vegetation in Sandhills wetlands can remain green after the surrounding hills have turned brown, making them more attractive to grazing animals—photo by: Ashley Garrelts; STF.

In addition to timing, ranchers could consider temporary or permanent fencing to limit livestock access to a riparian area. This strategic fencing ensures the streambank and adjacent vegetation remain intact and healthy. By pairing this with an alternative water source in an upland site, the incentive for cattle to congregate in sensitive areas is reduced.

Implementing thoughtful grazing management, planning strategic fencing, and utilizing off-stream water sources are not just conservation measures; they are key components of a sustainable and profitable ranching operation. By proactively protecting these vital riparian zones, ranchers ensure a healthy ecosystem for wildlife, maintain excellent water quality, and build a more resilient landscape that will continue to thrive for years to come.

Monitoring rangeland vegetation before, during, and after grazing events is crucial for maintaining healthy riparian areas — photo by Ashley Garrelts; STF.

If you have questions about managing or restoring the health of these riparian areas, please don’t hesitate to contact Tevyn Pieper, one of the Sandhills Task Force Project Coordinators. Or visit the Conservation Page of our website.